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TELEGRAPHY. No. 366,229. Patented July 12, 1887.

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L. MAIGHE.

TELEGRAPHY.

No. 366,229. Patented July 12, 1887.

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TELEGRAPHY.

(No Model.)

Patented July 12, 1887.

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NITED Srarns LOUIS MAIOHE, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

T E L E G R A P H Y.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 366,229, dated July 12, 1887.

Application filed October 15, 1836. Serial No. 216,300. (No model.) Patented in France January 3, 1885, No. 166,247, and in England January 8, 1885, No. 282.

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LOUIS MAICHE, of the city of Paris, France, have invented new and useful Improvements in Electric Telegraphy and in Transmitting and Receiving Apparatus for \Vorking'Long Lines, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, and for which I have obtained Letters Patent in France, dated January 3, 1885, No. 166,247, and in England, dated January 8, 1885, No. 282.

This invention relates to improvements in electric telegraphy and in transmitting and receiving instruments for working long cables. The transmitting-instruments employed on long lines, and more especially submarine and subterranean lines, present two great objections. These transmitting-instruments, which are worked directly bythe hand of the operator, send along the line currents differing in direction but of unequal duration, in consequence of which the signals of the receiver are neither clear nor readily 'decipherable. If, for example, there be first sent through the line a positive current which produces a signal in-one direction and this current should continue rather a long time, when a negative current is transmitted a portion of it is absorbed by the positivecharge retained by the line before neutral condition is regained, and consequently the signal produced by the residue of the negative current has very little amplitude. In order to obviate this objection, I employ a mechanically-operated transmitter, which, after each emission of a current through the line during a given time, automatically sends through the line a current in the opposite direction of proper duration, in order to restore the neutral condition of the line before the passage of another working current. In

this manner the signals made at the receiving or recording instrument employed in connection with the transmitter will be perfectly clear and equal in both directions, positive and negative, of the line-currents. This improved transmitter may be employed in eonnection with-any suitable receiver-mirror galvanonieter or siphon recorder, &c.; but it IS preferred to employ a special arrangement of recorder, giving direct graphic indications, whereby to obviate the other objection to long distance telegraphy via, the weakness of the signals at the receiving-Sta tions and the complication and delicacy of the instruments required to render these signals distinguishable.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which show, by way of example, one arrangcmentofthc improved transmitting and receiving instruments forlong 6;)

View, of the instrument for directly utilizing 7c the induction spark for writing the message. Fig. 9 is a diagram showing the electrical working of this apparatus.

The improved transmitter permits of accurately and automatically regulating the dura- 7 5 tion of each current, and consequently of obtaining a regularity in the signals, which facilitates the reading of ordinary messages and renders any error in the translation of the Morse or ordinary code impossible. The instrumentis composed of a fixed disk, 1, formed in three parts electrically insulated. The smallest of these parts, 27, is a sector which is neutral-that is to say, not influenced by any currentand corresponds to the neutral or me 8 dian line formed on the paper strip upon which the message is received in the instrument 11ereinafter described. The remainder of the disk is divided into two other portions, 26 28, Figs.

1 and 5, mounted in the same plane on a disk of insulating material and separated from each other by a space in the form of a Volute, Fig. 5. They receive, first, the positive and then the negative current, according to the direction of the current sent through the line. The 9 5 brush 2 is mounted on an axis, 3, which is operatedby a wheel-train, 4, and is in electrical communication with the latter, while disk 1 is insulated therefrom by the ebonite block 5.

The two parts 'of the disk 1 which receive the several electrical conncc- 65 current are connected to the conductors by the strips 6. An arm, 7, is fixed on the brushaxis 3 for stopping the same at every turn by means of the mechanism hereinafter described. In order to regulate the duration of each of the currents transmitted-that is to say, the more or less prolonged passage of the brush 2 over each portion of the disk 1thc brush is adjustable by sliding in a sleeve, 00, carried by an arm, which is also capable of adjustment upon axis 3, Fig. 1. The speed of the clocktrain is regulated bya fly, 8, of any suitable kind. A metallic cylinder divided into three differential helical sections electrically insu- 1ated,and a brush in frictional contact therewith would answer the same purpose and ren der the regulation of the currents still easier. In this case the cylinder would be actuated by the clock-work, while the brush carried on an arm having a screw adj ustnient could be readily brought in contact with that section of the cylinder which corresponds to the return to zero, according to the intensity of the linecurrent.

The instrument is operated by means of two keys, 9 9", pivoted at 10, the extent of tact with the neutral part of said cylinder.

their oscillation being'regulated by screws. Each key on being depressed produces (l) the contact of one of two pairs of commutatorsprings, 12, with their studs 13, and (2) the escapement of the brush-axis. This escapement of the brush-axis is effected as follows: The depression of either key 9or 9 depresses also an arm, 14, fixed on a rock-shaft, 15, carrying another arm to which is pivoted apawl, 16, which engages with a ratehet-wheel, 17, Fig. 1, and each depression of lever 14: advances it one tooth. The teeth of said wheel are caused by a spring, 24, to engage an arm, 18, on a Vertical rock-shaft, 19, having at its upper end another arm, 20, acting as stop to the arm 7 on the axis 3 at every revolution of the latter. Alter each step in advance of wheel 17 the stop 20 is brought into the path of arm 7, thus momentarily arresting the axis 3, and consequently the brush 2,which during this interval is on the neutral part ofthe disk, as represented in the drawings. The same re sults would be obtained when a fixed brush and rotating cylinder are employed-that is to say, the motion of the cylinder would always be arrested when the fixed brush was in con- 21 is a spring for returning arm 14- and keys 9%) to position when released. I

The apparatus is arranged to work with two batteries, 22 and 23, Fig. 5, although this is not absolutely necessary. The line-wire is at tached to the terminal L, Fig. 4:, and is in electrical connection with the axis 3 of the wheeltrain, while to the terminal'lis connected the earth-wire, the wire from the negative electrode of one of the batteries, and the wire from the positive electrode of the other battery. To the terminals P and S are respectively connected the wires from the positive electrode of the first battery and the negative electrode of the second battery. The action will be easily understood by observing the manner in which the contacts and conductors are connected in Fig. 4 and following the direction of the currents transmitted. (See Figs. 1, 2, 850.) By pressing key 9, for example, the axis 3 is released by the arm 20, and the brush 2, quitting the neutral portion 27 of the disk 1, enters on the portion 26 at the same timethat a positive current from battery 23 passes through part 26 and the axis 3 to the line and the receiver, the negative pole of battery 23 being to earth and the circuit closed. Vhen key 9" is depressed for changing the direction of the current, the brush commencing to rotate as before, a negative current passes from battery 22 through part 28 of the disk to the l1ne and the receiver, where the circuit is closed, the positive pole of the battery 22 being to earth. The positive pole of one of the two batteries and the negative pole of the other being to earth, the passage of the brush from one portion of the disk 1 to the other places alternately each of the two other polts to earth through the receiver, thus automatically chang ing the direction of the current transmitted.

It will be evident that the mechanism or.

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vibrate freely between the poles of two .electromagnets, b, influenced by the line-current. According to the direction of the current sentby the transmitter, and which is changed according to the signals transmitted, the needle oscillates toward one or other of the magnets.

In Figs. 6 and 8 the cores of the bobbins are permanently magnetized, and they communirate their magnetism to the soft-iron screws 61, between which the needle (it plays; but any kind of coils, with or without cores, capable of acting on needle (4 may be used. Opposite needle a and in line therewith is placed a metallic point, e, which is connected to one end of the secondary wire f of an induction-coil, A, Fig. 9, whose primary wire is connected with the poles of a battery, I, the other end of said wire f being connected to the needle a, so that the induction-spark plays between the point of the needle a and the point e.

9, Figs. 6, 7, 8, represents the terminals for the line-wire and those of coils b.

-h is the support of needle a, and i the terminal by which it is connected with the secondary wire of the induction-coil, these parts 76 (see Fig. 6) is the second terminal by which the secondary wire is connected with the body of the instrument, and consequently with the point 6, (represented in dotted lines in Fig. 6,) mounted in asocket provided with a spring and adjusting-screw for regulating its distance from the needle a.

The entire apparatus is carried on a table, Z, supported 011 a pillar resting on' screw-feet m. Between the needle a and the point e is drawn a paper tape, a, wound on a reel, 0, and passing over a fixed support, 12, through a hole in which the point e passes. The tape is drawn over a guide-roller, g, by means of clock-work or other motor, and the tape in passing between the needle a and the point 6 will be perforated by the successive sparks emitted between a and e. So long as the needle a remains perpendicular the sparks will play "ertically and trace .upon the tape a straight line parallel to its edges; but when the needle deviates to the right or left the sparks will play obliquely and pierce the pa per to right or left of the median line, the sparks, in fact, tracing on the tape a sinuous line, whose deviations to the right or left of the median line will correspond to the positive and negative currents transmitted through the line, and consequently to the dots and dashes of the Morse code.

The needle (0, instead of being suspended vertically, may be horizontal and mounted on a center, like a compass-needle, in which case it would be connected with the secondary wire of the induction-coil, either through its pivot or by means of a conductor terminating above the same, and the paper tape being drawn over a small metallic cylinder near one or other point of the needle. In the example described the spark acts mechanically by perforating the paper, but I may use any kind of prepared paper upon which the sparks would inscribe the message by electrochemical action, the invention residing in the employment of the induction-spark, as above described, whatever may be its mode of action on the paper tape. I may also use in lieu of the-single point c any number of fixed needles or points in order to obtain distinct currents according to the deviation of the movable needle a in one direction or the other, and in certain cases I may use several sets of vibrating and fixed needles in the same apparatus without departing from the invention,

I claim 1. In a telegraphic-signal transmitter, the combination of a disk or cylinder composed of three parts insulated from one another, one being neutral and the others charged with currents of opposite polarity, a shaft positively and regularly rotated and connected to the line-wire, and an arm on said shaft carrying a brush which makes a contact with each of the parts of the disk successively, substantially as described.

2-. In a telegraphic-signal transmitter, the combination of a disk composed of three parts insulated from one another, one being neutral and the others charged with currents of opposite polarity, a shaft connected with the linewire, mechanism for rotating the shaft, an arm on said shaft carrying a brush making contact with each part of the disk successively, and means, controlled by a key, for causing a regular escapement of the shaft, substantially as described.

3. In a receiver for telegraphic signals, the combination of two electro-magnets influenced by the line-wire, a needle suspended between the magnets, a point opposite the needle, an induction-coil which is connected with the needle and the point, and the. receiving-tape passing between the needle and point, substantially as described.

The foregoing specification of my improvements in electric telegraphy and in transmitting'and receiving apparatus for working long lines signed by me this 21st day of August, 1886.

LOUIS MAIGHE.

Witnesses:

Ron'r. lVI. Hoornn, FERDINAND BARBE. 

